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The Sorraia horse is a rare breed of wild typed horse native to the Iberian Peninsula, particularly found in Portugal. Characterized by its primitive features, the Sorraia is believed to be close to the last remaining descendants of the ancient wild horses that once roamed Europe. They are known for their slender build, large eyes, and the distinctive dun coloration with a dorsal stripe.
The existence of the Sorraia was first recognized in the 20th century by Portuguese zoologist Ruy d’Andrade, who identified them as a distinct type among local feral horses. The Sorraia is thought to have contributed to the genetic makeup of many Iberian horse breeds and is considered a cornerstone in the study of equine evolution. The breed’s name is derived from the Sorraia River in Portugal, near its presumed place of origin. Historically, these horses were semi-wild and played a role in the husbandry practices of local communities.
Sorraias are small to medium in size, typically standing between 140 to 150 cm tall. They exhibit a narrow but well-proportioned body, with a straight profile, long legs, and a high-set tail. Their coat is primarily dun, ranging from light to dark shades, always displaying primitive markings including a dorsal stripe, shoulder stripes, and zebra-like leg barring. Sorraias are known for their hardiness, agility, and calm temperament.
Historically, Sorraias were used for light agricultural work, herding tasks and as pack animals, or left as wild. In modern times, their primary role is in conservation and as a genetic reservoir for studying equine history and the restoration of primitive horse types. They are also valued in natural horsemanship programs for their intelligence and willingness to form close bonds with humans. Efforts have been made to preserve the Sorraia horse, and it has found a niche in equestrian pursuits such as dressage, working equitation, driving and endurance riding. Its versatility and unique appearance contribute to its appeal among horse enthusiasts.
The Sorraia horse, like many primitive breeds, faced a decline in numbers and genetic diversity. Dedicated conservation efforts, spearheaded by breed enthusiasts and organizations, aim to safeguard the Sorraia’s unique genetic heritage. Managed breeding programs and conservation initiatives work towards preserving the breed’s distinct traits and ensuring its continued existence. The Sorraia Horse is protected in several nature reserves and is the subject of international efforts to ensure its survival.
Portugal
regional
Critical: ca. 500
140-147 cm
Dun
G.E.H.
Rare and endangered
semi-feral and feral populations
Cavalo sorraia
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